Description
Product Characteristics:
During vertebrate embryogenesis, a left right axis is established. Secreted growth factors of the TGF beta family, including gene products derived from nodal, lefty 1 and lefty 2, play crucial roles in establishing left right asymmetries. TGF beta (Transforming growth factor beta) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates growth and differentiation of diverse types of cells. TGF beta actions are directed by ligand induced activation of TGF beta receptors. Complexes formed move into the nucleus, where they act as components of a transcriptional complex. Lefty, a novel member of the TGF beta superfamily, inhibits TGF beta signaling. Lefty acts to inhibit phosphorylation of Smad2 following activation of the TGF beta receptor. Lefty also inhibits events downstream from R Smad phosphorylation. Lefty provides a repressed state of TGF beta responsive genes. The Lefty family is comprised of Lefty 1 and Lefty 2 in mouse, and Lefty A and Lefty B in humans. Members of the TGF beta superfamily require processing for their activation. Cleavage is therefore an essential step for Lefty activation. Lefty is synthesized as a large inactive precursor (41 Kda) that must be endoproteolytically processed to release the bioactive polypeptide (28 kDa and 34 kDa forms). The 28 kDa form induces MAPK activity.
Subcellular location: Secreted
Synonyms: Protein lefty-1, AI450052, Ebaf, Left right determination factor 1, left right determination factor, Left right determination factor B, left-right determination factor, LEFT-RIGHT DETERMINATION FACTOR 1, LEFTY1, left-right determination, factor B, LEFT-RIGHT DETERMINATION, FACTOR B, LEFTY B, LEFTB, LEFTY 1, Lefty, lefty-1, LEFTY1, LEFTY1, MOUSE, HOMOLOG OF antibody, LEFTYB, Protein lefty-B, RGD1561867, Stimulated by retinoic acid gene 3 protein, STRA3, TGF beta 4, TGF-beta-4, Tgfb4, Transforming growth factor beta 4, Transforming growth factor beta-4.
Target Information: This gene encodes a member of the TGF-beta family of proteins. A similar secreted protein in mouse plays a role in left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems during development. Alternative processing of this protein can yield three different products. This gene is closely linked to both a related family member and a related pseudogene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]